For U.S. Navy submariners and divers, the unseen dangers of toxic fumes are as real as the deep waters they navigate. At the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Keyport, Washington, advanced off-gassing tests ensure that non-metallic materials used in deep submergence systems are safe.
This process is vital to protecting the health of those serving in some of the world’s most challenging environments.
What is Off-Gassing and Why It Matters
Off-gassing refers to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other chemicals from new materials.
You may recognize it as the “new car smell,” but in confined spaces like submarines, these fumes can pose severe health risks. Unlike on land, submariners and divers have no escape from prolonged exposure.
- High-risk items tested:
- Wetsuits, electrical cables, and hoses.
- Breathing apparatus and cameras.
This testing is crucial because personnel remain in enclosed environments for extended periods, absorbing harmful toxins continuously.
The Navy’s Rigorous Testing Protocols
Step 1: Curing and Ventilation
At the Keyport facility, materials undergo a series of steps to ensure they are safe:
- Ventilation: Items are exposed to clean air for 72 hours, removing initial odors.
- Curing: For stubborn off-gassing materials, technicians use convection ovens or vacuum systems to “bake” out toxins.
For example, a newly manufactured wetsuit might require aggressive curing to eliminate fumes from packaging chemicals.
Step 2: Pressurization Testing
After curing, materials are placed in chambers simulating submarine conditions. The team measures chemical release at various depths, temperatures, and pressures to replicate real-world use.
- Chamber details:
- Sizes range from small units to large models accommodating unmanned underwater vehicles.
- “Zero gas” (79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen) is used to ensure accurate results.
Protecting Health at Every Depth
The stakes are high when it comes to the health of submariners and divers. Continuous exposure to chemicals like ammonia, chlorine, and formaldehyde can lead to long-term health issues, including kidney disease and endocrine system disorders.
Increased Risks Underwater
As divers descend, the pressure amplifies toxin absorption. For instance:
- At 33 feet: Toxic exposure doubles.
- At 66 feet: It triples.
Each breath taken at depth contains higher concentrations of these harmful chemicals, making precise testing and mitigation critical.
The Legacy of Safety Standards
The Navy’s off-gassing program dates back to 1963, following the tragic loss of the USS Thresher. This nuclear-powered submarine sank during deep-diving tests, claiming 129 lives. Investigations revealed the absence of safety protocols for deep submergence systems.
Modern Safety Measures
Today, the Navy applies lessons learned from the Thresher disaster by implementing comprehensive safety certifications for all submergence systems. Materials are not only tested when new but also reassessed as they age, ensuring they remain safe over time.
Behind the Scenes: The Keyport Facility
Keyport’s facility, one of only three Navy-certified locations for off-gassing, focuses on non-metallic materials used by Navy SEALs and submariners. Its specialized processes include:
Testing Process |
Purpose |
|---|---|
| Ventilation and Curing | Eliminates volatile organic compounds. |
| Pressurization Testing | Simulates real-world submarine conditions. |
| Chemical Analysis | Identifies harmful toxins. |
A Shared Mission of Safety
For Dan Seacrist, Keyport’s off-gassing facility manager and a former Navy diver, this work is personal. His 22 years of diving experience drive his commitment to ensuring today’s submariners and divers are safe.
“I like taking care of the young guys,” Seacrist said.
“There was somebody watching my back when I was a diver. Now I’m that guy.”
Why This Matters
- Protects divers and submariners from long-term health risks.
- Enhances operational safety for critical underwater missions.
Final Thoughts: Ensuring a Safer Future
The Navy’s off-gassing protocols reflect a deep commitment to safeguarding its personnel. From initial curing to pressurization testing, every step ensures submariners and divers can operate safely in some of the world’s harshest environments.
By investing in innovative testing and applying lessons from history, the Navy continues to prioritize the health and safety of those who serve.
Sources: THX News & US Department of Defense.
